Common Design and Drainage Issues Most commercial roofs are not designed to be perfectly flat but poor design or inadequate slope can cause areas where water collects. Blocked or undersized drains, scuppers, and internal drainage systems can also create ponding zones. Impact of Freeze-Thaw Cycles in Ohio and the Midwest In places like Dayton and across the Midwest, temperature swings during winter create repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Water that ponds can freeze, expand, and stress the membrane or seams. Over time, this contributes to cracking and internal water infiltration. Aging Roof Membranes and Settling Insulation As roof systems age, insulation can compress and create dips. These